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Ti China’s Tibetan Medicine Contents Foreword1. Tibetan Medicine1.1 me-Honored History1.1.1 Emergence (Remote Antiquity-6th Century AD)1.1.2 Period of Consolidation (6th-9th Centuries)1.1.3 Period of Development and Contention (Mid 9th-Mid 17th Centuries)1.1.4 The Flourishing Period (Mid 17th-Mid 20th Centuries)1.1.5 Period of Regeneration (after 1951)1.2 Theoretical System of Tibetan Medicine1.2.1 Theory of Three Factors1.2.2 Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology1.2.3 Etiological Theory1.2.4 Embryology1.3 Diagnostics1.3.1 Interrogation1.3.2 Color inspection1.3.3 Urinalysis1.3.4 Pulse-Taking1.3.5 Other Diagnostic Techniques1.4 Clinical Medicine1.4.1 Rlung Diseases1.4.2 Mkhris pa Diseases1.4.3 Badkan Diseases1.4.4 Indigestion1.4.5 Edema1.4.6 Febrile Syndromes1.4.7 Common Cold1.4.8 Diseases of the Eye1.4.9 Diseases of the Ear1.4.10 Diseases of the Nose1.4.11 Diseases of the Mouth1.4.12 Diseases of the Heart1.4.13 Diseases of the Lung1.4.14 Diseases of the Liver1.4.15 Diseases of the Spleen1.4.16 Diseases of the Kidney1.4.17 Diseases of the Stomach1.4.18 Diseases of the Small Intestine1.4.19 Diseases of the Large Intestine1.4.20 Diseases of the Large Intestine1.4.21 Diseases of the Bladder1.4.22 Constipation1.4.23 Diseases of the Male External Genitalia1.4.24 Diseases of the Female External Genitalia1.4.25 Asthma1.4.26 Yellow Fluid Diseases1.4.27 Common Gynecological Diseases1.4.28 Intoxication1.4.29 Epilepsy (Dian and Xian)1.4.30 Pediatrical Diseases1.5 Rich and Colorful Treatment1.5.1 Medication1.5.2 Instrumental Therapy1.5.3 Bloodletting1.5.4 Moxibustion Therapy1.5.5 Emetics1.5.6 Rubbing and Compress Therapies1.5.7 Medicinal Bathing1.5.8 Enema Therapy1.5.9 Nasal Medication1.5.10 Dietotherapy1.5.11 Daily Life and Macrobiotics1.6 Medicinal Bathing1.7 Enema Therapy1.8 Nasal Medication1.9 Dietotherapy1.10 Daily Life and Macrobiotics1.6 Medical Ethics 2. Tibetan Pharmacy2.1 Abrief History of Thbetan Pharmacy2.1.1 Enlightenment Period (Antiquity-6th Century AD)2.1.2 Laying Foundation Period (629-846 AD)2.1.3 Formation Period (846-1271)2.1.4 Development Period (1279-1642)2.1.5 Prosperous Period (1642-1682)2.1.6 Stagnant Period (1750-1950)2.1.7 Rejuvenation Period (After 1951)2.2 Theoretical System of Tibetan Pharmacology2.2.1 Classes of Materia Medica Based on Taste2.2.2 Action2.3 Resources of Tibetan Materia Medica2.3.1 Natural Conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau2.3.2 The Resources of Materia Medica of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau2.3.3 Flora in Tibetan Materia Medica2.3.4 Relationship Between Vegetation Types and Resources of Tibetan Materia Medica2.3.5 Features of Plants Used2.3.6 Imported Resources of Tibetan Materia Medica2.4 Collection and Processing of Tibetan Materia Medica2.4.1 Collection in Proper Seasons2.4.2 Collection at Optimal Time2.4.3 Selection and Drying2.4.4 Differentiating Old and New2.4.5 Detoxication by Processing2.4.6 Compounding Based on Different Disorders2.5 Drug Forms of Tibetan Materia Medica2.5.1 Powder2.5.2 Pill or Bolus2.5.3 Paste2.5.4 Decoction2.5.5 Medicinal Wine2.6 Present Status of Research2.6.1 Investigation on Resources of Tibetan Materia Medica2.6.2 Investigation on Exploitation and Utilization2.7 Classification of Tibetan Materia Medica2.7.1 Common Mineral Materia Medica2.7.2 Common Plant Materia Medica2.7.3 Common Animal Materia Medica3. Sman thang, the Gem of Tibetan Medicine3.1 History of Sman thang3.1.1 Materials for Preparation of Sman thang3.1.2 Contents of Sman thang3.1.3 Clolrs Used3.1.4 Captions of Sman thang3.1.5 Investigation of Medical History and Literature3.2 Contents of Sman thang3.3 Comparative Studies on Different Editions of Sman thangs3.3.1 publication of Sman thang Atlas3.3.2 The3 Titles of the Atlas Publications of Tibetan Medical Thangkas3.3.3 The Total Number of Sman thang in the Series3.3.4 Analysis of Some Specificities of Medical Tangkhas3.3.5 About the Original set of Tibetan Medical Tangkhas Series3.4 The Value of Sman thang4. Important Ancient Physicians and Medical Works4.1 Important Ancient Physicians4.2 Main Medical Works5. Studies on Tibetan Medicine Outside China5.1 Tibetan Medicine Outside China5.1.1 Major Representatives5.1.2 Important Organizations of Tibetan Medicine5.1.3 International Conferenes on Traditional Medicine5.1.4 Academic Publications on Tibetan Medicine5.2 Dissemination of and Studies on Sman thang Outside ChinaAppendix Ⅰ. Transliteration of Tibetan Alphabet (T.V. Wylie System)Appendix Ⅱ. Chronological TableBibliographyIndex Ⅰ. Names of PersonsIndex Ⅱ. Place, Institution, and Related NamesIndex Ⅲ. Publications
CHINA'S TIBETAN MEDICINE. ZHEN YAN, CAI JINGFENG. ISBN 7-119-3350-6 © Foreign Languages Press, Beijing, China, 2005. стр. 88. 1.4.5 Edema.In Tibetan medicine, it is claimed that edema, a commonly encountered disease, is due to compound, internal and external causes. For the former, it means the malfunction of rlung, mkhrispa, and badkan; whereas, for the latter, this includes food and drink, indigestion, excessive intake of water after physical labor, or eating foods that are difficult to digest, lack of cleanliness after diarrhea. It may also be caused by improper treatment for febrile ailments, or too much blood let out, or excessive use of cool-cold drugs.All the above factors may cause dim stomach fire, resulting in failure of normal digestion or incomplete digestion, leading to accumulation of yellow fluid, plus the involvement of abnormal rlung. The result is pervasion of thefluid and, eventually, edema.1.4.5.1 ManifestationsAt first, the patient reveals a gray edema, i. e. dim complexion, the face and feet are edematous, the buccal mucous membrane and the lips and tongue are lusterless, and the pulse is slender and sunken. Then, the gravitational edema appears, when the regions such as the lower limbs and scrotum, are involved. The last stage of edema follows.In Tibetan medicine, it is claimed that there are three kinds of water, the external, internal, and the intermediate. External water refers to those edema which are visible to the naked eye, mostly located at skin level; the internal water refers to those located within the body, including the large intestine, bladder, etc.; the intermediate water refers to those between the external and the internal, occurring between the skin and muscles, or the subcutaneous layer. Whatever the type of edema, they are all accompanied by breathlessness and asthma and lassitude. Breathlessness is especially marked after walking.In recognizing this ailment, Tibetan doctors emphasize two types, namely, cold and heat. For heat type edema, the urine has a dark color, either red or deep yellow, the eyes are also deep-colored; the abdomen is distended and sometimes varicose veins may be seen on the abdominal wall, similar to the tympanitis in TCM, with a tense pulse. For the cold type, grayish green urine, a lack of thirst, borborygmus, sometimes with watery diarrhea, and a pitted edema are common symptoms.1.4.5.2 TreatmentThe treatments for edema are varied, according to the severity and course of the illness.At the initial stage, foods should include fresh mutton, and melted butter. For medication, Wu-wei-shi-liu Powder and Bai-gan-lu Bolus (see above), Liu-wei-da-xiang Powder (fennel, dry ginger, Fructus Capsicum, Semen Myrsine, Fructus Terminalia chebula, Piper Longi) can be used. A mild cathartic for yellow fluid can be used. Horse milk or camel milk can be applied topically.At the intermediate stage, multiple methods for expelling water is applied, including the five methods of changing the water passages, in which Si-wei-shi-liu Powder (see above) is applied for ascending the stomach fire. This method is effective for cold type edema. For the heat type, saffron, glycyrrhiza, seeds of coriander, feather ash from a vulture are put together and ground as powder and swallowed with melted butter. The so-called Drying Method is the powder made of mercury, sulfur, Hippophae Rhamnoides, dry ginger, pepper, Piper Longi, nitrum, salt, sal Ammoniacum, Halitum violaceum, sallucidum, plus crude sugar and preparedas pills. This recipe is very effective with powerful action in expelling water. At the same time, the waist should be wrapped in a wolf skin. Moxibustion at the umbilicus and infraclavicular fossa should also be applied, also at 1st, and 12th vertebrae. In diet, mutton, hot cake made of highland barley and wild beef soup, plus dry ginger and seeds of coriander can be eaten. The patient should stay in a dry place, avoiding wind and cold. There are also other methods, including dredging, ushering, and diking.The dredging method is too complicated and is omitted here. For the ushering method, a powder made of animal bones, old deer horn and clematis spp. is administered as an oral medication, plus bloodletting. For the diking method, a powder made of beer bile, musk, Flos carthmi, and Folium Lepisolrus, mixed with bee honey, together with moxibustion at the umbilicus, 1st, 12th vertebrae and infra-clavicle region, is adopted.
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